Ethnic and Race Formation and the Internet Free Essays

Stephanie Luu Soc 0835, Sec 002 Yuichi Moroi November 9, 2010 Ethnic/Race Identity Formation and the Internet Throughout the course of American history, immigration from around the world has been occurring. The result from the different people emigrating from such varying parts of the human race creates the diversity in American society. As different ethnicities come into America, racial discrimination and stereotypes are created. We will write a custom essay sample on Ethnic and Race Formation and the Internet or any similar topic only for you Order Now Ethnic identity starts to become an issue where immigration, sexuality, religion, politics, and social change begin to shape how race and ethnicity are constructed and perceived in the American culture. In contemporary society, the internet serves as an additional element of the construction and shaping of these social identities. People are capable of using online networks and databases to learn about different cultures. By pressing a few buttons and clicking search, information is instantly displayed and questions can be immediately answered. The concern of the matter lies behind the authentication of the content; information posted on the web does not have to be validated by academic scholars to be published. Knowing the criteria for assessing web pages, the obtaining of misleading information can be avoided.Stereotypes generally occur among races that appear to differ from one’s own. It happens as a result of a person’s subconscious mind to group and generalize a person by their descriptions and physical attributes. These classifications can be positive or negative, which creates an issue with the construction of social identities of different racial and ethnic groups. Being that the first groups to arrive to America can be generally stereotyped as â€Å"white†, people of other descents are known to be minorities. Some of these groups include black people, Hispanic people, Indian people, Asian people, and more.The focus of this paper will be on those of Chinese descent; in particular, the stereotypes of Chinese people and how information on the internet perceives them. Despite if a person is Chinese or Korean, the individual is likely to be stereotyped as Asian. Their skin color may be similar to those considered â€Å"white†, but their hair color and facial attributes differ in the sense that they cannot be stereotyped as white. Nazli Kibria, author of an article in Sociological Perspectives, examined further into the dynamics between Asians and non-Asians by studying the interac tion of everyday social encounters between the two. Kibria aimed to explore two central aspects of the common stereotypes: â€Å"sameness† and â€Å"foreignness†. She shares of an incident where she was watching â€Å"M*A*S*H† and saw that a supposedly Korean character was wearing a Vietnamese-style hat wandering around in a village that appeared to be Japanese-oriented (Kibria 81). She was outraged by the fact that was evident that the show created an â€Å"Asian scene† based on a stereotypical idea of what an Asian person looked like and what was presumed an Asian environment.Such incidents are absurd to those who come from different backgrounds, while those who are not able to differentiate race and ethnicity do not find any offense to these encounters. She also noted that a family was asked to pose for a picture in the town paper wearing native garb without regards to what the occasion was. The picture turned out to be on the front page of a small daily newspaper next to recipes of egg rolls in celebrat ion of Chinese New Year. We were their token Oriental family—Chinese, Korean, it was all the same† (Kibria 82). Even differentiating the two, the town had no remorse. â€Å"Korean† and â€Å"Chinese† seemed to be synonymous with the term â€Å"Asian† because both could be generalized into that. Another incident occurred where an American company was about to make a deal with a Japanese company, and workers asked a fellow Asian worker, â€Å"Hey Karen, tell us how we should deal with Japanese so that we get what we want. † Her response was, â€Å"You guys, I’m Chinese†¦born and raised here†.Immediate reaction, â€Å"OK, but Karen, you have to admit that you probably have a better sense of the way Japanese culture works than we do† (Kibria 83). Quickly, it is evident that these Asians are stereotyped into one generalization that relates each individual country with one another. These stories show similar cases in which Asians are linked together by culture and physical attributes, even being that they are of different ethnic groups. This may induce problems to the social construction of Chinese people due to them wanting others to recognize and acknowledge their differences.The website that contained the above information was from an article called â€Å"Race, Ethnic Options, and Ethnic Binds: Identity Negotiations of Second-Generation Chinese and Korean Americans† in Sociological Perspectives. This article was found on an online database called JSTOR, and it is a credible source because the database is â€Å". org†, which identifies its association with an educational institution. This information is both empirical and scholarly based because she uses endless examples of experiences to explain her theories of stereotypes.This relates to the scholarly aspect because she uses psychological studies to analyze the different behaviors in the surrounding atmosphere. It is quality information because the author is identified with a University, and the publisher is copyrighted. The information is not biased because it also describes perspectives of the life behind a white person’s eyes as well as a black person’s. It does not lead to potential stereotypes, but it does make awareness of stereotypical incidents that subconsciously happen in everyday life.In relation to the stereotypical occurrences that happen daily, these incidents appear to shape the behaviors of ethnic identities, especially those among the second-generation Chinese Americans. In Baozhen Luo’s â€Å"Social Construction of Chinese American Ethnic Identity: Dating Attitudes and Behaviors among Second-Generation Chinese American Youths†, Luo makes an argument that â€Å"second-generation Chinese youths construct their dating values and identities through both differentiating and integrating their parents’ and white peers’ dating cultures and gender norms† (Luo 1).Luo, being a second-generation Chinese American, provides a summary of what his p arents wanted of his life, the kind of lifestyle he grew up in, and the battle between the two. Education was first, then dating and marriage came later; most importantly the family’s attitudes towards interracial dating. He says that â€Å"Chinese American youths constructed and reconstructed their own dating values, gender norms, and ethnic identities through various processes of picking and choosing from both cultures† (108). Luo argues that American culture cannot explain the complexity of the dating culture created by the second-generation Chinese American youths but that it is shaped by growing up in the middle grounds of two different cultures, allowing for an individual to adapt to both. Baozhen Luo’s article is a thesis brought to the public by the Department of Sociology at Digital Archive at Georgia State University. This is a scholarly and credible source, which also contains a reference at the bottom of the works cited. The information is a summary of his own life experiences so it may be a little biased because this will not pertain to every individual.But to my own experience growing up as a second-generation Chinese American, it is very similar and accurate. It may lead to potential stereotypes in the sense that people may think all first-generation Chinese Americans are narrow-minded and racist in a sense, where they want their child to marry only within the race. The construction of the Chinese American identity is not accustomed by the American way of life but by the intuition of the Chinese people themselves. Joseph Wu’s â€Å"Filial Piety and Chinese Culture† explains that the foundation of morality of Chinese culture is filial piety.Filial piety is respect for one’s parents and ancestors—the virtue to be held above all else. He discusses that in the traditional West, the ultimate moral authority is God or Spirit, but in Chinese culture, the ultimate moral authority is still in the human world (Wu 2). By means of that, filial piety is a product created by Chinese culture, meanwhile for the traditional Westerners moral principles are by God or spiritual creation. While religion is essential, valuable, and necessary in the traditional West, there exists no formal religion in Chinese culture. According to the common sense of Chinese people, China has three major religions: Confucianism, Taoism, and Buddhism. Nevertheless, Confucius is natural and humanistic. He is not a God, but only a human being† (Wu 4). That argues in favor that the Chinese value humanistic reality over spiritual power. He also refers to Buddha not being a God but a human being having been enlightened. To some extent people believe that filial piety is a substitute for their religion because it serves as the worthy power and authority. The Chinese perform filial piety to liberate human beings from the fear of death (Wu 5). In Chinese culture, the initial way for conquering death is giving birth to a male-child, and hoping the male-child to continue to produce male descendants† (Wu 5). The purpose of this is because only the male can attain continuity of family life, considering females generally take after the husband’s name. Though the extremities of Chinese culture and its religion appeared to be evident through the above examples, this website is not a reliable source. The website lacks accountability; it has an author but no email nor information (degrees, educational background) indicating whether the author is credible.The website also does not provide a date that shows when the page was updated so it is not safe to say the information is accurate. The page has notes at the end, but no works cited or reference page–the above source is not quality information. The information is biased because the only recognition mentioned says, â€Å"The author of this essay has been a performer of filial piety† (5). This holds relevance to why the author was such a firm believer that Chinese culture is shaped by filial piety. The construction of social identity of Chinese culture was attempted to be explored through information accessed on the web. Any information without credibility may be posted on the web and assessed by anyone. This may lead someone to be misinformed when trying to learn about the construction of an ethnic or racial identity because the reader may be reading falsified information. The exploration of a person’s racial and ethnic identity can be successfully attained if done with proper search methods. I think the internet is a good tool for exploring people’s racial and ethnic identities because the world contains an extreme amount of different ethnic groups that you may never even encounter.With the internet, people are able to learn about different cultures even if they never get to interact with one.Works Cited Kibria, Nazli. â€Å"Race, Ethnic Options, and Ethnic Binds: Identity Negotiations of Second-Generation Chinese and Korean Americans. † Sociological Perspectives 43. 1 (2000): 77-95. JSTOR. Web. . Luo, Baozhen. Social Construction of Chinese American Ethnic Identity: Dating Attitudes and Behaviors among Second-Generation Chinese American Youths. Thesis. Georgia State University, 2006. Sociology Theses. 2 Aug. 2006. Web. . Wu, Joseph S. â€Å"Filial Piety and Chinese Culture. † Thome Fang Institute. Web. . How to cite Ethnic and Race Formation and the Internet, Papers

Gay, Lesbian and Bisexual Issues AIDS and HIV Ar Essay Example For Students

Gay, Lesbian and Bisexual Issues AIDS and HIV Ar Essay gumentative Persuasive Essays AIDS and HIV The HIV virus poses one of the biggest viral threats to human society today. It Being one of the most fatal viruses in the nation, AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome) is now a serious public health concern in most major U.S. cities and in countries worldwide. Since 1986 there have been impressive advances in understanding of the AIDS virus, its mechanisms, and its routes of transmission. Even though researchers have put in countless hours, and millions of dollars it has not led to a drug that can cure infection with the virus or to a vaccine that can prevent it. With AIDS being the leading cause of death among adults, individuals are now taking more precautions with sexual intercourse, and medical facilities are screening blood more thoroughly. Even though HIV ( Human Immunodeficieny Virus) can be transmitted through sharing of non sterilize needles and syringes, sexual intercourse, blood transfusion, and through most bodily fluids, it is not transmitted through casual contact or by biting or blood sucking insects. Development of the AIDS Epidemic The first case of AIDS were reported in 1982, epidemiologists at the Center of Disease Control immediately began tracking the disease back wards in time as well as forward. They determined that the first cases of AIDS in the United States probably occurred in 1977. By early 1982, 15 states, the District of Columbia, and 2 foreign countries had reports of AIDS cases, however the total remained low: 158 men and 1 woman. Surprising enough more then 90 percent of the men were homosexual or bisexual. Knowing this more then 70 percent of AIDS victims are homosexual or bisexual men, and less then 5 percent are heterosexual adults. Amazing enough by December of 1983 there were 3,000 cases of AIDS that had been reported in adults from 42 states, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico, and the disease had been recognized in 20 other countries. Recognizing the Extent of Infection The health of the general homosexual populations in the area with the largest number of cases of the new disease was getting looked at a lot closer by researchers. For many years physicians knew that homosexual men who reported large numbers of sexual partners had more episodes of venereal diseases and were at higher risk of hepatitis B virus infection than the rest of the population, but conicidentally with the appearance of AIDS,. other debilitating problems began to do appear more frequently. The most common was swollen glands, often accompanied by extreme fatigue, weight loss, fever, chronic diarrhea, decreased levels of blood platelets and fungal infections in the mouth. This condition was labeled ARC (AIDS Related complex). The isolation of HIV in 1983 and 1984 and the development of techniques to produce large quantities of the virus paved the way for a battery of tests to determined the relationship between AIDS and ARC and the magnitude of the carrier problem. Using several different laboratory tests, scientists looked for antibodies against the HIV in the blood of AIDS and ARC patients. They found that almost 100 percent of those with AIDS or ARC had the antibodies-they were seriopostive. In contrast less then one percent of persons with no known risk factors were seropositive. Definition of AIDS AIDS is defined as a disease, at least moderately predictive of defects in cell-meditated immunity, occurring in a person with no known cause for diminished resistance to that disease. Such diseases include Kaposis Sarcoma, Pneumocystis carnii pneumonia, and serious other opportunistic infections. After the discovery of HIV and the development of HIV-antibody test, the case definition of AIDS was updated to reflect the role of the virus in causing AIDS, .u13da96927035911e2c61cef7cb5db7a8 , .u13da96927035911e2c61cef7cb5db7a8 .postImageUrl , .u13da96927035911e2c61cef7cb5db7a8 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u13da96927035911e2c61cef7cb5db7a8 , .u13da96927035911e2c61cef7cb5db7a8:hover , .u13da96927035911e2c61cef7cb5db7a8:visited , .u13da96927035911e2c61cef7cb5db7a8:active { border:0!important; } .u13da96927035911e2c61cef7cb5db7a8 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u13da96927035911e2c61cef7cb5db7a8 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u13da96927035911e2c61cef7cb5db7a8:active , .u13da96927035911e2c61cef7cb5db7a8:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u13da96927035911e2c61cef7cb5db7a8 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u13da96927035911e2c61cef7cb5db7a8 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u13da96927035911e2c61cef7cb5db7a8 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u13da96927035911e2c61cef7cb5db7a8 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u13da96927035911e2c61cef7cb5db7a8:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u13da96927035911e2c61cef7cb5db7a8 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u13da96927035911e2c61cef7cb5db7a8 .u13da96927035911e2c61cef7cb5db7a8-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u13da96927035911e2c61cef7cb5db7a8:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Things They Carried by Tim O'Brien Essaybut the scope of the definition remained almost the same. Transmission HIV is primarily a sexually transmitted disease, it is transmitted by both homosexual and bisexual and heterosexual activity. The first recognized case was among homosexual and bisexual men. Many numbers of studies have shown that men who have sexual partners and those who practice receptive anal intercourse are more likely to be infected with HIV than other homosexual men. Researchers found a strong connection between HIV infection and rectal trauma, enemas before sex, and physical signs of disruption of the tissue lining the rectum. Homosexual women tend to have a very low incidence of venereal disease in general, an AIDS is no exception. Female-to-female transmission is highly uncommon, however it has been reported in one case and suggested in another. In the reported case, traumatic sex practices apparently resulted in transmission of HIV from a woman who had acquired the .

Agency And Liability In The B.C. Partnership Act †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Agency And Liability In The B.C. Partnership Act. Answer: Introduction It can be stated that a relationship of agency is established between two people when one of the two acts as a principal and the other as the agent. The agent derives the authority to perform his function from the principal[1]. Such authority to be derived may be express or implied. In cases where the agent is involved in any wrongful act, it has been held that the principal is not required to expressly order his agent to commit such wrongful act. However the principal is held liable in some circumstances for the wrongful acts of his agent. Discussion Vicarious liability in the context of a principal agent relationship is referred to as the liability imposed on the principal for the wrongful act committed by the agent of such principal[2]. It is to be mentioned that according to section 7 of the British Columbia Partnership Act that a firm or a companys partner will be considered to be the agent of such firm or company when conducting business in the name of the firm or company. Further in accordance with section 7 it can be stated that any act of a partner of a firm which is done for the purpose of carrying on the business of the firm will be binding on all the partners. However there are two exceptions to the aforementioned rule as contained in section 7(2) which states (a) the partner so acting has in fact no authority to act for the firm in the particular matter (b) the person with whom he or she is dealing either knows that the partner has no authority, or does not know or believe him or her to be a partner. According to section 8 of the British Columbia Partnership Act any act done in the name of the firm with the intention to leally bind the firm by any authorized person will be legally binding upon the firm and all its partners. However as quoted in subsection 8(2) it can be said This section does not affect any general rule of law relating to the execution of deeds or negotiable instruments. Thus in light of the above provisions of the British Columbia Partnership act it can be stated that liability is imposed on the principal for the tortuous acts of the agent primarily for the following reasons[3]. The principal has the duty to select the agent and is the only person who can assess the strengths and weaknesses of the agent. The principal delegates the responsibility to the agent because of obtaining benefit from the acts of the agent and therefore should be considered responsible for the acts of the agent[4]. It is assumed and implied that the principal has given the agent the authority to commit the wrongs Conclusion Thus after analyzing the legal provisions of the principal agent relationships in accordance with the British Columbia Partnership Act it can be said that the all the partners of the firms act as agents of the firm while conducting business in the name of the firm. Therefore by the application of the principle of vicarious liability it is to be stated that the firm acts as the principal will therefore be liable for the acts of the partners. Bibliography 'Partnership Act' (Bclaws.ca, 2018) https://www.bclaws.ca/civix/document/id/complete/statreg/96348_01 accessed 25 February 2018 Chamallas, Martha. "Two Very Different Stories: Vicarious Liability Under Tort and Title VII Law."Ohio St. LJ75 (2014): 1315. Cole, Jeffrey. "Agency-Vicarious Liability-Abrogation of the Both Ways Rule."DePaul Law Review16.2 (2015): 478. West, Henry. "Vicarious Liability."American Legal Encyclopedia(2017).

The aim of this piece of coursework is to study tourism and its importance in Britain Essay Example

The aim of this piece of coursework is to study tourism and its importance in Britain Essay Tourism is one way of spending leisure time. It involves visiting places and learning new things from places of different interest and having pleasure all the while. In the last fifty years the demand for tourism has soared. As a result tourism employs about 120 million people world-wide and is one of the worlds fastest growing industries. Today people are becoming much more adventurous in their holiday destinations. People visit other countries instead of just staying in Britain to know more about different cultures and also to enjoy themselves away from work. It is a chance to explore what other countries have to offer. Many tourists visit the Caribbean for a most part of their holidays now because of it various activities and climate. There are lots of things that attract tourism to a place. The climatic conditions of the place, people prefer hot weathers and would rather avoid the wet weather for their holidays. Tourists are also attracted to natural waterfalls, mountains, jungles, wildlife, famous places with collections of history and monuments from earlier civilizations. Others also prefer the coastal areas to relax and hangout within peaceful environments. Families on holidays may also prefer places with facilities for children attract tourism. We will write a custom essay sample on The aim of this piece of coursework is to study tourism and its importance in Britain specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The aim of this piece of coursework is to study tourism and its importance in Britain specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The aim of this piece of coursework is to study tourism and its importance in Britain specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Also most people travel because there is free time in most jobs where workers can go on leave for a while. Travel is cheap most people can afford even the less rich. The need for people to have a feel of something new and different increases the amount of holiday makers each day. Most popular long-haul destinations for UK holiday makers in the summer was Florida, Caribbean, USA, Central/South America, far east Canada, Kenya, Australia/new Zealand, India, France and South Africa. The above popular destinations have things of interest that attract tourism. The Caribbean, south America, Florida is nearer to the coasts thus having tropical beaches and good climates. Kenya and some parts of South Africa have the safari that draws wildlife lovers. Egypt and the Far East attract tourists with their ancient cities, pyramids and the Great Wall of China. Since 1971 the number of holidays taken by people in Great Britain has increased. More and more of these have been taken abroad and by 2001 20 per cent of holidays taken were outside Great Britain. Also in 1971 56 per cent of the population took at least one holiday and increased to 70 per cent by 2001. The increase in tourism is due to the fact that more people own cars. In 1971 10 million families had no car but by 2001 this figure had fallen to 5 million. The increase in the number of motorways has also made holiday areas easier to get to. So that holidaymakers may only want to spend a day or two in some of the resorts can do so much easier if they own a car and the resort has excellent road links. On SOUTHEND-ON-SEA *is 35 miles from London *has a population over 175,500 with over 3 million day visitors each year *there are 9 railway stations in town from getting to and from London. *south ends famous pier has been cut in half seven times by boats. *the sea froze in February 1927 *there are more restaurants per square mile than in any other town in the country *local rock factory makes more than 5 miles of rock a day *local ice cream factory can make up to 1000 gallons of ice cream in one day. *Over 100 ton of cockles are cooked daily. *Old Kursaal Amusement Park. -Exhibited Eric Whale 1932 50ft long and 65 tons -Owners of the Kursaal purchased and exhibited Al Capones car. *Cunning Munell -The White Wizard of Essex was born in 1780. Tourism in South end on sea Southend contributes a major influence on the growth of tourism in London. It is the nearest seaside resort to London, which is less than an hours drive, or by train only 30 minutes away from Liverpool Street. I am studying Southend to know how its closeness to London helps the place develop as a tourist resort. I will be looking at the history of Southend, attractions, capital investments into Southend and what the resort has done to promote itself, particularly when faced with competition from foreign resorts like Spain or Greece. How has Southend attracted the visitors necessary to make the resort popular? History of South end. Southends name was derived from its location of being at the Southend of Prittlewell. Prittlewell is one of the oldest villages in Essex. The site of Southend was made famous during the Iron Age. The was when the major battle fought between the Danes and King Alfreds Army at Benefleet 7 miles from Southend in 893 A.D as well as in 1016 A.D the battle of Assundun was fought some 7 or 8 miles from the town centre and as a result Canute became King of England. There are two churches still standing that were built circa 1020 A.D and still used today to commemorate the battle. There is also the Hadleigh Castle built on the Hadleigh downs which has an excellent view of the estuary founded in 1220 and rebuilt by King Edward III in 1365. Southend in more recent times became famous as a fishing port and as a healthy place to bathe in the sea. Then efforts were made to create a tourist resort and in 1793 the Royal hotel and Terrace were built for this purpose however it did not succeed until a visit by Princess Charlotte of Wales in 1801 who was advised by her physician to take sea bathing in Southend. Then later on Princess Caroline of Brunswick spent the summer there which led to the resort gaining popularity. The railways in 1864/6 helped to improve communication and the building of the pier became a popular tourist attraction. By building a rail between Southend and London millions of Londoners could now started to have more free leisure time and were wealthy. Tourism during the Victorian Penial grew considerably. After the Second World War about 5 million people visited the resort to enjoy their freedom. Later onwards the resort begun to loose visitors as people were getting more attracted to foreign resorts like Spain. Why visit Southend when for the same money you could fly to Spain and enjoy the hot, dry, sunny weather. Places like Spain became virtual Costas del Blackpool; where British people could enjoy the hot weather of Spain but still feel at home surrounded by other British people, enjoying British food and newspapers. Attractions of South end. Southend has numerous ways of entertaining visitors who come to the resort. It has historical landmarks like the Southend pier which stretches into 1.33 miles into the Thames Estuary. It also has, pubs, Pavilion, RNLI lifeboat, restaurants and organised events held in the summer season like Miss Southend, hold children shows, Brass band competition, Leigh folk festival, Southend carnival week etcetera. There is also the central museum with the history of the area Essex and one of Europes largest free air shows. Southend has over 40 great rides for all ages. It has one of the best theme parks called the Kursaal which was opened in 1901 and is probably the first theme park anywhere which has casinos, 10 pin bowling, and games arcade and displays on its history. The adventure island of Southend is one of the attractions that entertain people of all ages. The theme parks has rides and attraction, including roller coasters, jungle safari, go-karts, dodgems, adventure golf and more, which are, opened everyday with free entrance but it cost money to go on them. There is also the Focal point gallery, which holds photographic, video and digital arts exhibitions. The Southend planetarium holds a number of their live presentations, which is also the only public facility in the southeast outside of London. Other attractions are the Prittlewell Priory Park in the remains of the Cluniac Priory of St Marys, founded in the 12th century and set in a park which displays pictures, murals and EKCO early radios and televisions. The Sea Life Adventure beneath the ocean with colourful marine life native to South end shores. Seaside resorts like Southend have to have many different types of entertainment because if it rains in Southend people must have other attractions to keep the holiday makers happy. Also in London there are many competing tourist attractions so Southend must offer something. Southend has about 1000 number of bed spaces for visitors accommodation with about 17 hotels e.g.: the Tower hotel within walking distance of the Cliffs pavilion, Westcliff casino and South end sea front and the Camelia hotel located in a superb position on sea front at Thorpe Bay commanding unrivalled views of the Thames Estuary a mile from South end on sea, close to both the rail station and the airport with only a 45 minute drive away from London. There is also about 12 guesthouses and less than 10 self catering units. Capital Investments During the 90s South end has had a number of investments to promote their tourism. They have improved lots of their facilities and added new ones giving the resort a whole new level to compete with the growing number of resorts and satisfy the needs of the tourists or exceed their expectations. In 1993 a new attraction called the Sea Life Centre was made costing à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½3million and a refurbishment and extension of the Cliffs pavilion that costed à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½5.5million. In 1994 à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½100 000 was invested in improving the seafront. In 1995 lots of new attractions were made because lots of resorts were developing with modern facilities making the market highly competitive. About à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½15 million was spent in making the Garon leisure park, which had a golf course, driving range, equestrian centre. The kids kingdom costed à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½500 for a new indoor children adventure playground along with a à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½5million on Peter Pans adventure island built around the popular format of a water theme park with a number of rides e.g. Sea Serpent Slider. Then two years was taken to complete the à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½2 million Victoria Plaza shopping scheme and à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½10 million spent on an 8 screen multi-plex cinema. In 1997 and 1998 à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½14 million was invested in a new attraction called the Kursaal, which was an indoor entertainment complex with modern and old style games. South end Physical Geography. Temperature and climate play a very important role in attracting holidaymakers. July is when holidays are taken because it is summer and most people will visit places with a hot or warm climate. Most of the touring are basically outdoors whether sunbathing or looking at places of interests. This is also the time of year when the school holiday start. The amount of rainfall Southend receives yearly is very low which goes to ensure a less wet holiday for holiday makers. People would rather go to South end seaside resort with less rainfall. Southend is located in a part of Britain which is very sunny, dry and hot. This helped to make Southend a popular tourist resort because of the physical advantages of the regions climate. How and why tourism is changing. Tourism is constantly changing because people like to go to familiar places; others also look for somewhere different. The price is also important for people going on different types of holidays. This is a graph of how people change their choice of holiday every 10 years.

The Impact of Architects and Industrial Designers on The Building Process †Cost Planning Essay

The Impact of Architects and Industrial Designers on The Building Process – Cost Planning Essay Free Online Research Papers The Impact of Architects and Industrial Designers on The Building Process Cost Planning Essay The following objects is to identify the cost ‘strategy’ which the Architects or Industrial designers, have an opportunity and an obligation to confront these issues. Architects and industrial designers can have a huge impact, not only in the design of the building (impaction to the residents, developer and environment), but also in the design process (impaction to the cost and regulatory requirements). According to Ferry, Brandon and Ferry (1999:26), the purpose of cost planning is not only to obtain minimum standard, but to budget correctly and spent effectively. These programs of cost strategies should comprise the cost planning, the selection of materials incorporates with the innovative technologies and the planning of the design process. A careful study of these needs which will be examine later and thereby indicate the balance between constraints and opportunity of building that can be achieved within a given cost limit. (Article 1) mentioned that affordable housing is often associated with ugly, high-rise project isolated from surrounding neighborhoods. However, despite of achieving low-cost targets, as architecture of public housing, it would also need to concern about comfortable, efficient, dignified and humane. Despite of initial capital cost, buildings need to be maintained, repaired and so on which will continue to cost money and inevitably, from time to time it might even consume unexpected rise of expenditure. In this case study, ‘whole-life costing’ will be used to describe a form of modeling technique to cope with this mixture of capital and running costs. The advantages of the whole-life method, especially when dealing with low-cost in relation to affordable housing enable us to consider the long-term implication of a decision, and to provide a way of showing the cost consequences of short-sighted economies. Nevertheless, Ferry, Brandon and Ferry (1999:64) argues that it could bring disadvantages as the future cannot be forecast or just only a pure guess especially the cost of maintenance. Nevertheless, there are two fields where whole-life costing techniques could work very well in this task. That is; 1. In dealing with shorter-life assets, such as building materials and electrical equipment, where foreseeable energy consumption, maintenance and renewal programs generate much of the future costs. 2. Where both the present and future costs are equally real, that is the maintenance program for a major installation where the money is coming from the same organisations can be planned accordingly. To sum up, the forecasting of running costs of a building will often be useful when dealing on a relatively short-term basis with energy-consuming systems and building maintenance program. The initial costs and operating costs (maintenance costs) are required to determine in order to achieve cost efficiency, hence cheap and reliable materials such as green materials are needed. Spiegel and Meadows (1999:15) states that ‘Green building materials can help recapture lost profits by mitigating potential liabilities and by reducing waste’. In addition to mitigating economic losses, using green building material could responds to a growing market demand for organic, nontoxic, earth-friendly products across the board. Moreover, base on this (articles 2) Architects should pursue the use of green roofs, daylighting and recycled materials. Obviously, inefficiency of water and energy will produce waste. Waste costs money and exists at every stage of a product’s transition from a raw material through manufacturing, transportation, and use. In order to cut the waste and reclaimed lost profits, recycle materials would not only cut down the initials costs but als o earn high marks for resource management such as recycle wood that could stop deforestation. Further more, Spiegel and Meadows (1999:31) state that the recycled materials performed just as well and were cheaper than processing virgin materials, so why not using green materials? Chemicals commonly found in many building products. Those with multiple chemical sensitivities (MCS) would suffer headaches, asthmatic attacks or even lift-threatening. More or less, this would cause the organisations especially ARAFMI to pay extra medical bills which would reduce the operational efficiency. Therefore, using green building products especially fabricated from nontoxic and natural can improve indoor air quality (IAQ) contaminants. Innovative technologies today such as low watt florescent light, multistage dish washers, and low flow fixtures could also help mitigate economic losses due to waste. Indeed, Energy efficiency and water conservation will be improved. To conclude, operational savings can accrue not only from energy efficiency and maintenance procedures, but also from substantial increases in worker productivity. Despite of using green materials, this project could integrate shelters with social services and high-quality design. (Article 3) mention that the best way is to create a space called â€Å"supportive housing†. That is, by creating a single-room-occupancy (SRO) which could pull all the on-site services and facilities together under one roof. This method not only could create a community-friendly environment (collocating 10 organisations together), but also providing a better operational efficiency (less building materials and easily organized). In order to create a room, (SRO) that could meet every functional requirements, some suggestion such as translucent partitions and sliding doors could maximize the space and natural light within the space. Some affordable housing architects also believe that flexibility of space is essential regardless of zoning. Organizations such as Youth Advocacy centre, Brisbane Youth Service Inc. and PRESCARE require higher social interaction and c apability to adjust and changing community needs. These organizations could provide on-site services and facilities at the community services building. Such on-site services include healthcare and job counseling that could teach life skills and link residents with job and education opportunities. Other facilities should also be provided for disabled such as ramps and ergonomic products. One of the (articles 4) state that affordable housing should incorporate new dwellings into larger mixed-used developments, that is featuring rental units and commercial space such as natural foods grocery store and child care center into one building. Developers gain benefits for their tax credits applied to the building site and thereby reducing rents and allowing more to be spent on construction. Residents not only could meet the needs of low-income issues, but also have this opportunity to interact with the whole communities and access to social and retails services. With a rise in sustainable building, green materials, many housing advocates believe that green creates better living environments that improve the long-term performance of affordable developments. To summary, the mixed-used development is not only to bring a healthier and better located housing to the disadvantage people and environment but also benefits for developers and funding organizations alike. For instance, Spiegel and Meadows (1999:13) state that by simply locating deciduous plants on the south and west faà §ade could shade the building during summer and allow sunshine in winter due to natural leaves fall. Spiegel and Meadows (1999:13) also state that with the selection of indigenous plant material rather than decorative hothouse species could reduce municipal water requirements because native plants are appropriate to the climate. It is easy to maintain and doesn’t need extra water and care. This could not only enhance the cost effectiveness (less labor required to create the service) and the process efficiency (as native plants could adapt with the native environment easily), but also create products and processes that are environmentally beneficial to the human environment. According to Ferry, Brandon and Ferry (1999:139), the building shape has its major impact on the areas and sizes such as walls, window, and so on. These impacts would also directly proportional to cost-effectiveness. According to Ferry, Brandon and Ferry (1999:143), tall buildings minimize land costs in relation to floor area, but they are invariably more expensive to build than low-rise buildings. For instance, tall buildings require a high standard of fire-resistant construction and practicable escape arrangements. Furthermore, many of the above factors will also influence the running and maintenance costs such items as window cleaning, repainting and repairs to the faà §ade will all be much more costly then similar work to a low-rise structure. Therefore, low-rise buildings would be the most cost advantage incorporate with the given constraints of the site. According to Ferry, Brandon and Ferry (1999:144), three-storey building could not only attain the low costs possible (three -storey maximum might not necessary require lift supports and minimize land costs in relation to floor area), but could also save an enormous sum of materials (one roof will be serving two or three times the floor area and the walls or frame will be capable of carrying the extra load with little or no alteration. With affordable housing design, organization such as DVCONNECT and Smith Family could provide a save emergency accommodation and better supports for children and families living in financial disadvantage. List of References Ferry, D., Brandon, P. and Ferry, J. (1999) Cost Planning of Buildings, Victoria: Blackwell Science. Spiegel, R. and Meadows, D. (1999) Green Building Materials: A Guide To Product Selection and Specification, Canada: John Wiley Sons. (para 1)Architecture, April 2004 v93 i4 p89(1) Affordable Housing: Designing an American Asset. (Exhibition)(Brief Article) Deborah K. Dietsch. http://80-infotrac.galegroup.com.ezproxy.cqu.edu.au/itw/ infomark/368/513/67014111w5/purl=rc1_ EAIM_0_A115759606dyn=14!xrn_3_0_A115759606?sw_aep=cqu (para 23) Architecture, April 2004 v93 i4 p30(2) Give them shelter: for pioneering affordable-housing advocate Rosanne Haggerty, good design is hardly an extravagance. In fact, it pays for itself. (Practice) Anna Holtzman. http://80-infotrac.galegroup.com.ezproxy.cqu.edu.au/itw /infomark/368/513/67014111w5/purl=rc1_ EAIM_0_A115759566dyn=11!xrn_4_0_A115759566?sw_aep=cqu (para 4) Architecture, April 2005 v94 i4 p29(2) Changing the formula: mixed-use developments with affordable housing components are becoming more popularto the benefit of everyone involved. Katie Gerfen. http://80-infotrac.galegroup.com.ezproxy.cqu.edu.au/itw /infomark/368/513/67014111w5/purl=rc1 _EAIM_0_A131434964dyn=5!xrn_1_0_A131434964?sw_aep=cqu Research Papers on The Impact of Architects and Industrial Designers on The Building Process - Cost Planning EssayOpen Architechture a white paperNever Been Kicked Out of a Place This NiceThe Project Managment Office SystemIncorporating Risk and Uncertainty Factor in CapitalBionic Assembly System: A New Concept of SelfLifes What IfsThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationTwilight of the UAWAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into AsiaResearch Process Part One

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